长期缺课的定义 | 上学困难 | Youth Mental Health Canada

定义长期缺课

在加拿大，长期缺课的定义是在一个学年中缺席总上学天数的 10% 或以上。按标准学年约 180 天计算，这相当于大约 18 到 19 天或以上，即大约每月两天。

缺课问题的规模难以衡量。各教育局在各不相同的规定下自行收集出勤数据。

学校出勤和学习参与之所以重要，是因为教育很重要。长期缺课是一个关键的早期风险因素，与自杀、失去教育、失去同伴和学校支持，以及经济、就业和生活方面的困难相关。

上学困难可以被视为“煤矿里的金丝雀”。研究还表明，出勤问题与心理健康和学业成就问题之间存在动态的、相互叠加的关系，而这些问题往往始于小学阶段（Klan et al., 2024）。

好消息

令人鼓舞的是，基于在这一领域三十多年的工作经验，我们知道有效的解决办法是存在的。

20 世纪 90 年代，一项名为“留校就读”（Stay-in-School）运动的社区倡议展示了协作行动的力量。在政府和企业资金的支持下，这项运动邀请演讲嘉宾（包括职业运动员）走进学校，播出强调教育重要性的公益广告，并让学生接触社区实践，展示他们所学知识在现实世界中的应用。这些努力让教育对年轻人来说更加贴近生活、更具吸引力、更有意义。

这项工作的重要经验之一是：当教育成为一种共同责任时，教育才会成功。有效应对上学困难需要采取全校策略，让整个学校共同体（教育工作者、家庭、学生和社区合作伙伴）积极参与。

融入多层级支持体系的综合方法，为帮助学生取得成功提供了最有力的框架。这些体系以数据为依据、以证据为基础，将预防策略、早期识别和干预以及个别化、基于需求的支持结合起来，确保所有学生都能获得教育并从中受益。

参考文献

CBC News. (2026, January 12). School absences are increasing in B.C.’s biggest school districts. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/school-absences-increasing-b-c-9.7040465 (opens in a new tab)

CBC News. (2026, January 15). School absenteeism is growing across Canada and skyrocketing in some Quebec districts. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/rate-of-school-absenteeism-skyrocketed-in-some-quebec-districts-9.7045969 (opens in a new tab)

CBC News. (2025, November 24). Students in southwestern Ontario are absent from school more often post-pandemic. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/more-kids-missing-school-post-pandemic-9.6987508 (opens in a new tab)

CBC News. (2026, March 3). Durham Region students are missing more school since the pandemic. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/durham-district-school-board-student-absenteeism-9.7111618 (opens in a new tab)

CBC News. (2025, December 4). 1 in 3 Edmonton public-school students chronically absent each year. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/edmonton-schools-chronic-absenteeism-9.6997358 (opens in a new tab)

CBC News. (2026, March 12). ‘Shocking’ number of students chronically absent in Manitoba schools, documents show. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/students-chronically-absent-mla-9.7125742 (opens in a new tab)

CBC News. (2025, November 22). Why measuring school absences in Canada is so hard. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/school-absences-data-9.6988718 (opens in a new tab)

CBC News. (2025, November 22). Reported illnesses have tripled in some school districts as absenteeism rises. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/school-absences-illness-mental-health-9.6988661 (opens in a new tab)